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Pump handle movement
Pump-handle is a movement of ribs that results in change in anteroposterior diameter of the thorax.〔https://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/part_4/chapter_20.html〕
==Definition==
On of the most important functions of ribs and diaphragm, is the change in volume of thorax that helps inspiration and expiration.〔Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-8089-2306-0.〕 In general, the ribs move around two axes.〔https://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/part_4/chapter_20.html〕 The anterior end of the rib is lower than the posterior end, therefore, during elevation of the rib, the anterior end also moves forwards. Movement at costovertebral joints 2 to 6 about a side-to-side axis results in raising and lowering the sternal end of the rib, the "pump-handle" movement.This occurs mostly in the vertebrosternal ribs. In elevation, this increases the anteroposterior diameter of the thorax.〔https://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/part_4/chapter_20.html〕〔http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/figures/chapter_20/20-7.HTM〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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